Horsehead philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum)

Horsehead philodendron

Features and Characteristics

Philodendron bipinnatifidum, commonly called tree philodendron or split leaf philodendron, is a large, non-climbing, semi-woody shrub with huge, glossy, wavy-margined, deeply-dissected evergreen leaves (to 3’ long) which rise up on long stalks (petioles) from the plant crown in a rosette-like configuration. Tiny apetalous white flowers bloom in an upright spadix which is enclosed by a purplish red spathe. Flowers rarely appear on indoor plants. Tree philodendron is native to tropical to subtropical areas of Paraguay and southeastern Brazil. In its native habitat, it will mature to 15’ tall with a trunk-like stem to 6” in diameter, but as an indoor container plant will typically grow much smaller.

Genus name comes from the Greek words phileo meaning “to love” and dendron meaning “tree” for the affinity of many species to climb trees.

Specific epithet bipinnatifidum is in reference to the pinnatifid leaves (having lobes with sinuses extending half way or more to the main leaf axis). The lobes of mature leaves will often have secondary, pinnatifid segements.

Care and Maintenance

Winter hardy to USDA Zones 9-11 where plants may be grown outdoors year round in moist, fertile, well-drained soils in part shade. Avoid full direct sun which often causes the leaves to scorch. Best in sun dappled conditions or in part shade featuring morning sun and afternoon shade. Plants grown in pots may be brought indoors in fall when temperatures begin to drop below 60°F. Indoor plants generally prefer daytime temperatures above 70°F in summer and above 60°F in winter. Plants need consistent and regular moisture and are intolerant of drought.

Horsehead philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum) Requirements

Hardiness zone	9 - 11
Sun light	Part shade
Water	Medium
Maintenance	Low

Common Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Watch for aphids, spider mites, mealybugs and scale. Leaf spots may occur. Root rot in overly moist soils.

Uses

Specimen for moist part shade areas in frost free climates. Popular indoor plant of relatively easy culture which is best in a sunny window slightly filtered by a thin curtain.

Horsehead philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum) Details

Common name	Horsehead philodendron
Botanical name	Philodendron bipinnatifidum
Plant type	Broadleaf evergreen
Family	Araceae
Hardiness zone	9 - 11
Water	Medium
Maintenance	Low
Flower color	White
Flowering period	Seasonal bloomer
Height	10 - 15 ft.
Width	10 - 15 ft.